Abstract: Corneal ectasias encompass a spectrum of degenerative disorders characterized by progressive thinning and bulging of the cornea, leading to visual impairment and irregular astigmatism. While keratoconus stands as the most recognized form of corneal ectasia, several other conditions exhibit similar clinical features and diagnostic challenges. This article aims to provide an insightful examination of these lesser-known corneal ectasias, including their clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies.

Introduction: Beyond the widely recognized keratoconus, several other corneal ectasias exist, albeit with less prevalence and recognition. These ectatic disorders share common features of corneal thinning, protrusion, and distorted vision, presenting unique diagnostic and therapeutic considerations for ophthalmologists.

Clinical Manifestations: Other corneal ectasias, including pellucid marginal degeneration, keratoglobus, and posterior keratoconus, present with distinct clinical manifestations that may mimic or overlap with keratoconus. Symptoms such as progressive visual deterioration, irregular astigmatism, and corneal scarring are commonly observed, necessitating meticulous clinical evaluation and diagnostic workup.

Diagnostic Approaches: Accurate diagnosis of other corneal ectasias relies on a combination of clinical examination, corneal imaging modalities, and topographic analyses. Techniques such as corneal tomography, Scheimpflug imaging, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) aid in delineating corneal morphology, identifying ectatic changes, and guiding treatment decisions.

Management Strategies: The management of other corneal ectasias parallels that of keratoconus, emphasizing visual rehabilitation, corneal stabilization, and preservation of ocular integrity. Treatment modalities may include spectacles, rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lenses, intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS), and in select cases, corneal transplantation techniques such as penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) or lamellar keratoplasty.

Research and Future Directions: While significant progress has been made in understanding and managing keratoconus, further research is warranted to elucidate the pathogenesis, natural history, and treatment outcomes of other corneal ectasias. Collaborative efforts among researchers and clinicians are essential in advancing our knowledge and refining therapeutic strategies for these less common but clinically significant conditions.

Conclusion: In conclusion, other corneal ectasias represent a diverse group of degenerative disorders with overlapping clinical features and diagnostic challenges. By enhancing awareness, fostering collaboration, and advancing research initiatives, we can broaden our understanding of these conditions and optimize patient care to improve visual outcomes and quality of life.