Abstract: Deposition keratopathies encompass a diverse group of ocular disorders characterized by the abnormal accumulation of substances within the corneal stroma. This article provides a comprehensive overview of deposition keratopathies, exploring their etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies, and recent advancements.

Introduction: Deposition keratopathies represent a spectrum of conditions characterized by the deposition of various substances within the corneal stroma, leading to visual impairment and discomfort. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and clinical features of these disorders is essential for accurate diagnosis and optimal management.

Etiology and Pathogenesis: The etiology of deposition keratopathies varies depending on the specific subtype but may involve genetic predisposition, systemic diseases, or environmental factors. Common substances deposited within the cornea include calcium, lipids, proteins, and medications. The pathogenesis often involves disruption of normal corneal metabolism and clearance mechanisms, leading to the accumulation of these substances. (Source: PubMed – Pathogenesis of Deposition Keratopathies)

Clinical Presentation: Clinical manifestations of deposition keratopathies depend on the type and extent of the deposited material but may include corneal opacities, irregular astigmatism, and decreased visual acuity. Patients may report symptoms such as glare, halos around lights, and foreign body sensation.

Diagnosis: Diagnosing deposition keratopathies requires a thorough ophthalmic examination, including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, corneal imaging, and laboratory testing. Specialized imaging techniques such as anterior segment OCT and confocal microscopy may aid in visualizing the extent and distribution of corneal deposits. Laboratory tests to identify underlying systemic conditions or medication-induced deposition may also be warranted. (Source: American Academy of Ophthalmology – Corneal Deposits)

Treatment Strategies: Management of deposition keratopathies aims to alleviate symptoms, preserve corneal clarity, and address underlying systemic conditions if present. Therapeutic options may include topical lubricants, bandage contact lenses, and in some cases, surgical intervention such as corneal transplantation. Targeted treatment of underlying systemic diseases or modification of medications contributing to deposition may also be necessary.

Recent Advancements: Recent advancements in the treatment of deposition keratopathies include the development of targeted pharmacological agents aimed at reducing or preventing the accumulation of deposited substances within the cornea. Additionally, advancements in corneal imaging technologies have facilitated earlier detection and monitoring of disease progression, allowing for timely intervention and improved outcomes.

Conclusion: Deposition keratopathies represent a diverse group of ocular disorders with varying etiologies and clinical presentations. By understanding the underlying mechanisms and employing a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management, ophthalmologists can effectively address the needs of patients with deposition keratopathies and improve their visual outcomes and quality of life.