Abstract: Ectropion is a common eyelid malposition characterized by outward turning of the eyelid margin, leading to exposure of the ocular surface and associated ocular symptoms. This article offers a comprehensive review of ectropion, exploring its underlying causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and recent innovations. By delving into the complexities of ectropion management, ophthalmologists can enhance their clinical practice and improve patient outcomes.

Introduction: Ectropion is a clinical condition characterized by the outward rotation of the eyelid margin, resulting in inadequate coverage of the ocular surface. Understanding the etiology, clinical features, and management strategies of ectropion is essential for providing optimal care to affected individuals.

Etiology: Ectropion can arise from various factors, including age-related tissue laxity, scarring from previous surgery or trauma, facial nerve palsy, and cicatricial changes associated with dermatologic conditions. Identifying the underlying cause of ectropion is crucial for determining the most appropriate treatment approach.

Clinical Presentation: Patients with ectropion may present with symptoms such as ocular irritation, tearing, foreign body sensation, and exposure keratopathy. Clinical examination typically reveals an outwardly rotated eyelid margin, conjunctival hyperemia, and corneal epithelial defects secondary to inadequate eyelid closure.

Diagnostic Approaches: Diagnosis of ectropion is primarily clinical, based on history and physical examination findings. Additional tests such as Schirmer’s test, tear film breakup time, and ocular surface staining may be performed to assess tear film stability and ocular surface integrity.

Treatment Options: Management of ectropion aims to restore normal eyelid position and function, alleviate ocular symptoms, and prevent ocular surface complications. Treatment modalities may include lubricating eye drops, eyelid taping, botulinum toxin injection, and surgical correction techniques such as horizontal eyelid tightening procedures and tissue repositioning.

Recent Innovations: Recent advancements in ectropion management focus on minimally invasive techniques and tissue-sparing approaches. Innovations such as tissue adhesive application, injectable implants, and novel surgical devices offer potential benefits in terms of reduced invasiveness and improved outcomes.

Conclusion: Ectropion is a common eyelid disorder with diverse etiologies and clinical presentations. By staying abreast of the latest research and innovations in ectropion management, ophthalmologists can tailor treatment strategies to individual patient needs, ultimately improving ocular comfort and function.

For further reading and reference:

• American Academy of Ophthalmology – Ectropion: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/ectropion
• British Journal of Ophthalmology – Ectropion Repair: https://bjo.bmj.com/content/100/4/428
• American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ASOPRS) – Eyelid Malposition: https://www.asoprs.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3318